USD to BRL Rate Chart

=

USD Popular Exchange Rates(today)

Exchange Rate Last day
USD to GBP rate 0.8183 ▲ 0.8168
USD to EUR rate 0.94035 ▲ 0.9392
USD to AUD rate 1.55763 ▲ 1.5568
USD to CAD rate 1.34762 ▲ 1.3481
USD to NZD rate 1.67957 ▲ 1.6791
USD to TRY rate 27.2086 ▲ 27.1986
USD to DKK rate 7.01162 ▲ 7.001
USD to AED rate 3.67299 ▲ 3.673
USD to NOK rate 10.75951 ▲ 10.7536
USD to SEK rate 11.04682 ▼ 11.1165
USD to CHF rate 0.90996 ▲ 0.9076
USD to JPY rate 148.59567 ▲ 148.34
USD to HKD rate 7.81574 ▼ 7.8157
USD to MXN rate 17.27 ▲ 17.2124
USD to SGD rate 1.36689 ▲ 1.3658
USD to ZAR rate 18.77948 ▲ 18.7647

Economic indicators of United States and Brazil

Indicator United States Brazil
Private Consumption 18,301,555
Mil. USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q2
1,595,059
Mil. BRL, NSA, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Real Private Consumption 14,419,857
Mil. Ch. 2012 USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q2
192.57
Ch. Vol. Index 1995=100, SA, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Real GDP 20,386,467
Mil. Ch. 2012 USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q2
182.82
Ch. Vol. Index 1995=100, SA, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Nominal GDP 26,798,605
Mil. USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q2
2,556,531
Mil. BRL, NSA, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Investment 4,615,478
Mil. USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q2
451,603
Mil. BRL, NSA, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Consumer Price Index (CPI) 306.27
Index 1982-84=100, SA, Monthly; Aug 2023
6,659
Index Dec1993=100, NSA, Monthly; Jun 2023
Producer Price Index (PPI) 251.74
Index 1982=100, SA, Monthly; Jul 2023
356.02
2010=100, NSA, Monthly; Jan 2022
Total Employment Non-Ag 156,419
Ths. #, SA, Monthly; Aug 2023
-
Unemployment Rate 3.8
%, SA, Monthly; Aug 2023
8.3
% 3-mo MA, NSA, Monthly; May 2023
Imports of Goods 258,332
Mil. USD, SA, Monthly; Jul 2023
23,586
Mil. USD, NSA, Monthly; May 2023
Exports of Goods 168,350
Mil. USD, SA, Monthly; Jul 2023
33,305
Mil. USD, NSA, Monthly; May 2023
Net Exports -804,717
Mil. USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q2
34,088
Mil. BRL, NSA, Quarterly; 2023 Q1
Lending Rate 5.33
% p.a., NSA, Business Daily; 11 Sep 2023
13.75
Percent,NSA, Daily; 14 Jul 2023
House Price Index 645.18
Index 1980Q1=100, NSA, Quarterly; 2023 Q2
-
Consumer Confidence 98.32
Index Long term avg=100, SA, Monthly; Aug 2023
100.79
Index Long term avg=100, SA, Monthly; Jun 2023
Personal Income 22,751,346
Mil. USD, SAAR, Quarterly; 2023 Q2
-
Retail Sales 509,041
Mil. USD, CDASA, Monthly; Sep 2018
100.74
Vol. Index 2022=100, SA, Monthly; May 2023

USD to BRL Historical Rates(table)

Date Open Highest Lowest Close
USD to BRL (2023-09-25) 4.9651 4.9320 4.9752 4.9320
USD to BRL (2023-09-22) 4.9351 4.9367 4.9381 4.9033
USD to BRL (2023-09-21) 4.9351 4.8802 4.9396 4.8795
USD to BRL (2023-09-20) 4.8801 4.8670 4.8840 4.8422
USD to BRL (2023-09-19) 4.8673 4.8553 4.8761 4.8390
USD to BRL (2023-09-18) 4.8556 4.8685 4.8784 4.8408
USD to BRL (2023-09-15) 4.8663 4.8682 4.8802 4.8584
USD to BRL (2023-09-14) 4.8668 4.9167 4.9214 4.8620
USD to BRL (2023-09-13) 4.9153 4.9474 4.9683 4.8945
USD to BRL (2023-09-12) 4.9470 4.9307 4.9690 4.9307
USD to BRL (2023-09-11) 4.9307 4.9845 4.9867 4.9202
USD to BRL (2023-09-08) 4.9882 4.9787 4.9949 4.9636
USD to BRL (2023-09-07) 4.9767 4.9787 4.9787 4.9773
USD to BRL (2023-09-06) 4.9784 4.9680 4.9953 4.9536
USD to BRL (2023-09-05) 4.9671 4.9376 4.9866 4.9376
USD to BRL (2023-09-04) 4.9376 4.9485 4.9490 4.9069
USD to BRL (2023-09-01) 4.9463 4.9555 4.9558 4.8997
USD to BRL (2023-08-31) 4.9544 4.8876 4.9613 4.8639
USD to BRL (2023-08-30) 4.8890 4.8536 4.8924 4.8424
USD to BRL (2023-08-29) 4.8523 4.8753 4.9027 4.8481
USD to BRL (2023-08-28) 4.8731 4.8719 4.9121 4.8630
USD to BRL (2023-08-25) 4.8711 4.8816 4.9014 4.8560

USD to BRL Handy Conversion

1 USD = 4.963 BRL
2 USD = 9.926 BRL
3 USD = 14.889 BRL
4 USD = 19.852 BRL
5 USD = 24.815 BRL
6 USD = 29.777 BRL
7 USD = 34.74 BRL
8 USD = 39.703 BRL
9 USD = 44.666 BRL
10 USD = 49.629 BRL
15 USD = 74.444 BRL
20 USD = 99.258 BRL
25 USD = 124.073 BRL
50 USD = 248.145 BRL
100 USD = 496.29 BRL
200 USD = 992.58 BRL
250 USD = 1240.725 BRL
500 USD = 2481.45 BRL
750 USD = 3722.175 BRL
1000 USD = 4962.9 BRL
1500 USD = 7444.35 BRL
2000 USD = 9925.8 BRL
5000 USD = 24814.5 BRL
10000 USD = 49629 BRL

Comparison between United States and Brazil

Background comparison between [United States] and [Brazil]

United States Brazil

Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65), in which a northern Union of states defeated a secessionist Confederacy of 11 southern slave states, and the Great Depression of the 1930s, an economic downturn during which about a quarter of the labor force lost its jobs. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation state. Since the end of World War II, the economy has achieved relatively steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology.

Following more than three centuries under Portuguese rule, Brazil gained its independence in 1822, maintaining a monarchical system of government until the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the subsequent proclamation of a republic by the military in 1889. Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist leader Getulio VARGAS rose to power in 1930. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil underwent more than a half century of populist and military government until 1985, when the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Having successfully weathered a period of global financial difficulty in the late 20th century, Brazil was seen as one of the world’s strongest emerging markets and a contributor to global growth. The awarding of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympic Games, the first ever to be held in South America, was seen as symbolic of the country’s rise. However, from about 2013 to 2016, Brazil was plagued by a sagging economy, high unemployment, and high inflation, only emerging from recession in 2017. Political scandal resulted in the impeachment of President Dilma ROUSSEFF in May 2016, a conviction that was upheld by the Senate in August 2016; her vice president, Michel TEMER, will serve as president until 1 January 2019, completing her second term.

Geography comparison between [United States] and [Brazil]

United States Brazil
Location

North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico

Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean

Geographic coordinates

38 00 N, 97 00 W

10 00 S, 55 00 W

Map references

North America

South America

Area

total: 9,833,517 sq km

land: 9,147,593 sq km

water: 685,924 sq km

note: includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia, no overseas territories (2010)

country comparison to the world: 4

total: 8,515,770 sq km

land: 8,358,140 sq km

water: 157,630 sq km

note: includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo

country comparison to the world: 6

Area - comparative

about half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly larger than China; more than twice the size of the European Union

-
Land boundaries

total: 12,048 km

border countries (2): Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska), Mexico 3,155 km

note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and is part of Cuba; the base boundary is 28.5 km

total: 16,145 km

border countries (10): Argentina 1,263 km, Bolivia 3,403 km, Colombia 1,790 km, French Guiana 649 km, Guyana 1,308 km, Paraguay 1,371 km, Peru 2,659 km, Suriname 515 km, Uruguay 1,050 km, Venezuela 2,137 km

Coastline

19,924 km

7,491 km

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: not specified

territorial sea: 12 nm

contiguous zone: 24 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental margin

Climate

mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains

mostly tropical, but temperate in south

Terrain

vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii

mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt

Elevation

mean elevation: 760 m

elevation extremes: lowest point: Death Valley -86 m (lowest point in North America)

highest point: Denali (Mount McKinley) 6,190 m (highest point in North America)

note: the peak of Mauna Kea (4,205 m above sea level) on the island of Hawaii rises about 10,200 m above the Pacific Ocean floor; by this measurement, it is the world's tallest mountain - higher than Mount Everest (8,850 m), which is recognized as the tallest mountain above sea level

mean elevation: 320 m

elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point: Pico da Neblina 2,994 m

Natural resources

coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, rare earth elements, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber, arable land

note: the US has the world's largest coal reserves with 491 billion short tons accounting for 27% of the world's total

bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber

Land use

agricultural land: 44.5%

arable land 16.8%; permanent crops 0.3%; permanent pasture 27.4%

forest: 33.3%

other: 22.2% (2011 est.)

agricultural land: 32.9%

arable land 8.6%; permanent crops 0.8%; permanent pasture 23.5%

forest: 61.9%

other: 5.2% (2011 est.)

Irrigated land

264,000 sq km (2012)

54,000 sq km (2012)

Population - distribution

large urban clusters are spread throughout the eastern half of the US (particularly the Great Lakes area, northeast, east, and southeast) and the western tier states; mountainous areas, principally the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian chain, deserts in the southwest, the dense boreal forests in the extreme north, and the central prairie states are less densely populated; Alaska's population is concentrated along its southern coast - with particular emphasis on the city of Anchorage - and Hawaii's is centered on the island of Oahu

the vast majority of people live along, or relatively near, the Atlantic coast in the east; the population core is in the southeast, anchored by the cities of Sao Paolo, Brasilia, and Rio de Janeiro

Natural hazards

tsunamis; volcanoes; earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the Midwest and Southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development

volcanism: volcanic activity in the Hawaiian Islands, Western Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and in the Northern Mariana Islands; both Mauna Loa (4,170 m) in Hawaii and Mount Rainier (4,392 m) in Washington have been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pavlof (2,519 m) is the most active volcano in Alaska's Aleutian Arc and poses a significant threat to air travel since the area constitutes a major flight path between North America and East Asia; St. Helens (2,549 m), famous for the devastating 1980 eruption, remains active today; numerous other historically active volcanoes exist, mostly concentrated in the Aleutian arc and Hawaii; they include: in Alaska: Aniakchak, Augustine, Chiginagak, Fourpeaked, Iliamna, Katmai, Kupreanof, Martin, Novarupta, Redoubt, Spurr, Wrangell, Trident, Ugashik-Peulik, Ukinrek Maars, Veniaminof; in Hawaii: Haleakala, Kilauea, Loihi; in the Northern Mariana Islands: Anatahan; and in the Pacific Northwest: Mount Baker, Mount Hood

recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south

Environment - current issues

large emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural freshwater resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification

deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; illegal wildlife trade; illegal poaching; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes

party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note

world's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India); Denali (Mt. McKinley) is the highest point in North America and Death Valley the lowest point on the continent

largest country in South America and in the Southern Hemisphere; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador; most of the Pantanal, the world's largest tropical wetland, extends through the west central part of the country; shares Iguazu Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Argentina

People comparison between [United States] and [Brazil]

United States Brazil
Population

326,625,791 (July 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 3

207,353,391 (July 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 5

Nationality

noun: American(s)

adjective: American

noun: Brazilian(s)

adjective: Brazilian

Ethnic groups

white 72.4%, black 12.6%, Asian 4.8%, Amerindian and Alaska native 0.9%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.2%, other 6.2%, two or more races 2.9% (2010 est.)

note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.); an estimated 16.3% of the total US population is Hispanic as of 2010

white 47.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 43.1%, black 7.6%, Asian 1.1%, indigenous 0.4% (2010 est.)

Languages

English 79%, Spanish 13%, other Indo-European 3.7%, Asian and Pacific island 3.4%, other 1% (2015 est.)

note: data represent the language spoken at home; the US has no official national language, but English has acquired official status in 32 of the 50 states; Hawaiian is an official language in the state of Hawaii, and 20 indigenous languages are official in Alaska

Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language)

note: less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and a large number of minor Amerindian languages

Religions

Protestant 46.5%, Roman Catholic 20.8%, Jewish 1.9%, Mormon 1.6%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 0.9%, Jehovah's Witness 0.8%, Buddhist 0.7%, Hindu 0.7%, other 1.8%, unaffiliated 22.8%, don't know/refused 0.6% (2014 est.)

Roman Catholic 64.6%, other Catholic 0.4%, Protestant 22.2% (includes Adventist 6.5%, Assembly of God 2.0%, Christian Congregation of Brazil 1.2%, Universal Kingdom of God 1.0%, other Protestant 11.5%), other Christian 0.7%, Spiritist 2.2%, other 1.4%, none 8%, unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 51.2

youth dependency ratio: 29

elderly dependency ratio: 22.1

potential support ratio: 4.5 (2015 est.)

total dependency ratio: 43.8

youth dependency ratio: 32.4

elderly dependency ratio: 11.4

potential support ratio: 8.7 (2015 est.)

Median age

total: 38.1 years

male: 36.8 years

female: 39.4 years (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 60

total: 32 years

male: 31.1 years

female: 32.8 years (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 102

Population growth rate

0.81% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 129

0.73% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 140

Birth rate

12.5 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 158

14.1 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 136

Death rate

8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 85

6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 139

Net migration rate

3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 104

Population distribution

large urban clusters are spread throughout the eastern half of the US (particularly the Great Lakes area, northeast, east, and southeast) and the western tier states; mountainous areas, principally the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian chain, deserts in the southwest, the dense boreal forests in the extreme north, and the central prarie states are less densely populated; Alaska's population is concentrated along its southern coast - with particular emphasis on the city of Anchorage - and Hawaii's is centered on the island of Oahu

the vast majority of people live along, or relatively near, the Atlantic coast in the east; the population core is in the southeast, anchored by the cities of Sao Paolo, Brasilia, and Rio de Janeiro

Urbanization

urban population: 82% of total population (2017)

rate of urbanization: 0.99% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

urban population: 86.2% of total population (2017)

rate of urbanization: 0.99% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Major urban areas - population

New York-Newark 18.593 million; Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana 12.31 million; Chicago 8.745 million; Miami 5.817 million; Dallas-Fort Worth 5.703 million; WASHINGTON, D.C. (capital) 4.955 million (2015)

Sao Paulo 21.066 million; Rio de Janeiro 12.902 million; Belo Horizonte 5.716 million; BRASILIA (capital) 4.155 million; Fortaleza 3.88 million; Recife 3.739 million (2015)

Sex ratio

at birth: NA

0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female

total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female

total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

26.4 years (2015 est.)

-
Maternal mortality ratio

14 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 138

44 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 102

Infant mortality rate

total: 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 5.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 170

total: 17.5 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 20.5 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 14.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 92

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 80 years

male: 77.7 years

female: 82.2 years (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 43

total population: 74 years

male: 70.5 years

female: 77.7 years (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 128

Total fertility rate

1.87 children born/woman (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 143

1.75 children born/woman (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 163

Contraceptive prevalence rate

74.1%

note: percent of women aged 15-44 (2011/13)

80.2% (2013)

Health expenditures

17.1% of GDP (2014)

country comparison to the world: 1

8.3% of GDP (2014)

country comparison to the world: 51

Physicians density

2.57 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

1.85 physicians/1,000 population (2013)

Hospital bed density

2.9 beds/1,000 population (2013)

2.2 beds/1,000 population (2014)

Drinking water source

improved:

urban: 99.4% of population

rural: 98.2% of population

total: 99.2% of population

unimproved:

urban: 0.6% of population

rural: 1.8% of population

total: 0.8% of population (2015 est.)

improved:

urban: 100% of population

rural: 87% of population

total: 98.1% of population

unimproved:

urban: 0% of population

rural: 13% of population

total: 1.9% of population (2015 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved:

urban: 100% of population

rural: 100% of population

total: 100% of population

unimproved:

urban: 0% of population

rural: 0% of population

total: 0% of population (2015 est.)

improved:

urban: 88% of population

rural: 51.5% of population

total: 82.8% of population

unimproved:

urban: 12% of population

rural: 48.5% of population

total: 17.2% of population (2015 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

0.6% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 60

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

830,000 (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 11

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

14,000 (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

36.2% (2016)

country comparison to the world: 12

22.1% (2016)

country comparison to the world: 82

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

0.5% (2012)

country comparison to the world: 136

2.2% (2007)

country comparison to the world: 121

Education expenditures

5% of GDP (2014)

country comparison to the world: 63

5.9% of GDP (2014)

country comparison to the world: 49

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 17 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2014)

total: 15 years

male: 15 years

female: 16 years (2014)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 10.4%

male: 11.4%

female: 9.3% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 127

total: 16.1%

male: 13.8%

female: 21.2% (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 84

Demographic profile -

Brazil's rapid fertility decline since the 1960s is the main factor behind the country's slowing population growth rate, aging population, and fast-paced demographic transition. Brasilia has not taken full advantage of its large working-age population to develop its human capital and strengthen its social and economic institutions but is funding a study abroad program to bring advanced skills back to the country. The current favorable age structure will begin to shift around 2025, with the labor force shrinking and the elderly starting to compose an increasing share of the total population. Well-funded public pensions have nearly wiped out poverty among the elderly, and Bolsa Familia and other social programs have lifted tens of millions out of poverty. More than half of Brazil's population is considered middle class, but poverty and income inequality levels remain high; the Northeast, North, and Center-West, women, and black, mixed race, and indigenous populations are disproportionately affected. Disparities in opportunities foster social exclusion and contribute to Brazil's high crime rate, particularly violent crime in cities and favelas (slums).

Brazil has traditionally been a net recipient of immigrants, with its southeast being the prime destination. After the importation of African slaves was outlawed in the mid-19th century, Brazil sought Europeans (Italians, Portuguese, Spaniards, and Germans) and later Asians (Japanese) to work in agriculture, especially coffee cultivation. Recent immigrants come mainly from Argentina, Chile, and Andean countries (many are unskilled illegal migrants) or are returning Brazilian nationals. Since Brazil's economic downturn in the 1980s, emigration to the United States, Europe, and Japan has been rising but is negligible relative to Brazil's total population. The majority of these emigrants are well-educated and middle-class. Fewer Brazilian peasants are emigrating to neighboring countries to take up agricultural work.

Major infectious diseases -

degree of risk: very high

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A

vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria

water contact disease: schistosomiasis

note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus (2016)

Literacy -

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 92.6%

male: 92.2%

female: 92.9% (2015 est.)

Government comparison between [United States] and [Brazil]

United States Brazil
Country name

conventional long form: United States of America

conventional short form: United States

abbreviation: US or USA

etymology: the name America is derived from that of Amerigo VESPUCCI (1454-1512) - Italian explorer, navigator, and cartographer - using the Latin form of his name, Americus, feminized to America

conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil

conventional short form: Brazil

local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil

local short form: Brasil

etymology: the country name derives from the brazilwood tree that used to grow plentifully along the coast of Brazil and that was used to produce a deep red dye

Government type

constitutional federal republic

federal presidential republic

Capital

name: Washington, DC

geographic coordinates: 38 53 N, 77 02 W

time difference: UTC-5 (during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November

note: the 50 United States cover six time zones

name: Brasilia

geographic coordinates: 15 47 S, 47 55 W

time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins third Sunday in October; ends third Sunday in February

note: Brazil has three time zones, including one for the Fernando de Noronha Islands

Administrative divisions

50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming

26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins

Dependent areas

American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island

note: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a political relationship with all four political entities: the Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994)

-
Independence

4 July 1776 (declared independence from Great Britain); 3 September 1783 (recognized by Great Britain)

7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

National holiday

Independence Day, 4 July (1776)

Independence Day, 7 September (1822)

Constitution

previous 1781 (Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union); latest drafted July - September 1787, submitted to the Congress of the Confederation 20 September 1787, submitted for states' ratification 28 September 1787, ratification completed by nine states 21 June 1788, effective 4 March 1789; amended many times, last in 1992 (2016)

several previous; latest ratified 5 October 1988; amended many times, last in 2016 (2016)

Legal system

common law system based on English common law at the federal level; state legal systems based on common law except Louisiana, which is based on Napoleonic civil code; judicial review of legislative acts

civil law; note - a new civil law code was enacted in 2002 replacing the 1916 code

International law organization participation

withdrew acceptance of compulsory ICJ jurisdiction in 2005; withdrew acceptance of ICCt jurisdiction in 2002

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent: yes

dual citizenship recognized: no, but the US government acknowledges such situtations exist; US citizens are not encouraged to seek dual citizenship since it limits protection by the US

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent: yes

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 4 years

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

voluntary between 16 to 18 years of age, over 70, and the illiterate; compulsory between 18 to 70 years of age; note - military conscripts by law cannot vote

Executive branch

chief of state: President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2017); Vice President Michael R. PENCE (since 20 January 2017); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2017); Vice President Michael R. PENCE (since 20 January 2017)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president, approved by the Senate

elections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by the Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 10 November 2020)

election results: Donald J. TRUMP elected president; electoral vote - Donald J. TRUMP (Republican Party) 304, Hillary D. CLINTON (Democratic Party) 227, other 7; percent of direct popular vote - Hillary D. CLINTON 48.2%, Donald J. TRUMP 46.1%, other 5.7%

chief of state: President Michel Miguel Elias TEMER Lulia (since 31 August 2016); Vice President (vacant); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Michel Miguel Elias TEMER Lulia (since 31 August 2016); Vice President (vacant)

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president

elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 5 October 2014 with runoff on 26 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2018)

election results: Dilma ROUSSEFF reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Dilma ROUSSEFF (PT) 51.6%, Aecio NEVES (PSDB) 48.4%

note: on 12 May 2016, Brazil's Senate voted to hold an impeachment trial of President Dilma ROUSSEFF, who was then suspended from her executive duties; Vice President Michel TEMER took over as acting president; on 31 August 2016 the Senate voted 61-20 in favor of conviction and her removal from office; TEMER is serving as president for the remainder of ROUSSEFF's term, which ends 1 January 2019

Legislative branch

description: bicameral Congress consists of the Senate (100 seats; 2 members directly elected in each of the 50 state constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia and Louisiana which require an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years) and the House of Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia which requires an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 2-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 6 November 2018); House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 6 November 2018)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 24, Democratic Party 10; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican Party 241, Democratic Party 194,

note: in addition to the regular members of the House of Representatives there are 6 non-voting delegates elected from the District of Columbia and the US territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands; these are single seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term (except for the resident commissioner of Puerto Rico who serves a 4-year term); the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; election of delegates last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 6 November 2018)

description: bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; 3 members each from 26 states and 3 from the federal district directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 8-year terms, with one-third and two-thirds of the membership elected alternately every 4 years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)

elections: Federal Senate - last held on 5 October 2014 for one-third of the Senate (next to be held in October 2018 for two-thirds of the Senate); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 5 October 2014 (next to be held in October 2018)

election results: Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PMDB 5, PSDB 4, PDT 4, PSB 3, DEM (formerly PFL) 3, PT 2, PSD 2, PTB 2, PP 1, PR 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PT 70, PMDB 66, PSDB 54, PSD 37, PP 36, PR 34, PSB 34, PTB 25, DEM (formerly PFL) 22, PRB 21, PDT 19, SD 15, PSC 12, PROS 11, PCdoB 10, PPS 10, PV 8, PHS 5, PSOL 5, PTN 4, PMN 3, PRP 3, PEN 2, PTC 2, PSDC 2, PTdoB 1, PSL 1, PRTB 1

Judicial branch

highest court(s): US Supreme Court (consists of 9 justices - the chief justice and 8 associate justices)

judge selection and term of office: president nominates and, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints Supreme Court justices; justices appointed for life

subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (includes the US Court of Appeal for the Federal District and 12 regional appeals courts); 94 federal district courts in 50 states and territories

note: the US court system consists of the federal court system and the state court systems; although each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact

highest court(s): Supreme Federal Court or Supremo Tribunal Federal (consists of 11 justices)

judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the president and approved by the Federal Senate; justices appointed to serve until mandatory retirement at age 75

subordinate courts: Tribunal of the Union, Federal Appeals Court, Superior Court of Justice, Superior Electoral Court, regional federal courts; state court system

Political parties and leaders

Democratic Party [Tom PEREZ]

Green Party [collective leadership]

Libertarian Party [Nicholas SARWARK]

Republican Party [Ronna Romney MCDANIEL]

Brazilian Communist Party or PCB [Ivan Martins PINHEIRO]

Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Michel TEMER]

Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Cristiane BRASIL]

Brazilian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB [Jose Levy FIDELIX da Cruz]

Brazilian Republican Party or PRB [Marcos Antonio PEREIRA]

Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Aecio NEVES]

Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Carlos Roberto SIQUEIRA de Barros]

Christian Labor Party or PTC [Daniel TOURINHO]

Christian Social Democratic Party or PSDC [Jose Maria EYMAEL]

Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB [Jose Renato RABELO]

Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos Roberto LUPI]

The Democrats or DEM [Jose AGRIPINO] (formerly Liberal Front Party or PFL)

Free Homeland Party or PPL [Sergio RUBENS]

Green Party or PV [Jose Luiz PENNA]

Humanist Party of Solidarity or PHS [Eduardo MACHADO]

Labor Party of Brazil or PTdoB [Luis Henrique de Oliveira RESENDE]

National Ecologic Party or PEN [Adilson Barroso OLIVEIRA]

National Labor Party or PTN [Jose Masci de ABREU]

National Mobilization Party or PMN [Telma RIBEIRO dos Santos]

Party of the Republic or PR [Alfredo NASCIMENTO]

Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Roberto Joao Pereira FREIRE]

Progressive Party or PP [Ciro NOGUEIRA]

Progressive Republican Party or PRP [Ovasco Roma Altimari RESENDE]

Republican Social Order Party or PROS [Euripedes JUNIOR]

Social Christian Party or PSC [Vitor Jorge Abdala NOSSEIS]

Social Democratic Party or PSD [Guilherme CAMPOS]

Social Liberal Party or PSL [Luciano Caldas BIVAR]

Socialism and Freedom Party or PSOL [Luiz ARAUJO]

Solidarity or SD [Paulo PEREIRA DA SILVA]

United Socialist Workers' Party or PSTU [Jose Maria DE ALMEIDA]

Workers' Cause Party or PCO [Rui Costa PIMENTA]

Workers' Party or PT [Rui FALCAO]

Political pressure groups and leaders

environmentalists; business groups; labor unions; churches; ethnic groups; political action committees or PACs; health groups; education groups; civic groups; youth groups; transportation groups; agricultural groups; veterans groups; women's groups; reform lobbies

Landless Workers' Movement or MST [Joao Pedro STEDILE]

other: industrial federations; labor unions and federations; large farmers' associations; religious groups including evangelical Christian churches and the Catholic Church

International organization participation

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNSC (permanent), UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

AfDB (nonregional member), BIS, BRICS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, CPLP, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-5, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OECD (enhanced engagement), OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Flag description

13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; the blue stands for loyalty, devotion, truth, justice, and friendship; red symbolizes courage, zeal, and fervency, while white denotes purity and rectitude of conduct; commonly referred to by its nickname of Old Glory

note: the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico

green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress); the current flag was inspired by the banner of the former Empire of Brazil (1822-1889); on the imperial flag, the green represented the House of Braganza of Pedro I, the first Emperor of Brazil, while the yellow stood for the Habsburg Family of his wife; on the modern flag the green represents the forests of the country and the yellow rhombus its mineral wealth (the diamond shape roughly mirrors that of the country); the blue circle and stars, which replaced the coat of arms of the original flag, depict the sky over Rio de Janeiro on the morning of 15 November 1889 - the day the Republic of Brazil was declared; the number of stars has changed with the creation of new states and has risen from an original 21 to the current 27 (one for each state and the Federal District)

note: one of several flags where a prominent component of the design reflects the shape of the country; other such flags are those of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Eritrea, and Vanuatu

National symbol(s)

bald eagle; national colors: red, white, blue

Southern Cross constellation; national colors: green, yellow, blue

National anthem

name: "The Star-Spangled Banner"

lyrics/music: Francis Scott KEY/John Stafford SMITH

note: adopted 1931; during the War of 1812, after witnessing the successful American defense of Fort McHenry in Baltimore following British naval bombardment, Francis Scott KEY wrote the lyrics to what would become the national anthem; the lyrics were set to the tune of "The Anacreontic Song"; only the first verse is sung

name: "Hino Nacional Brasileiro" (Brazilian National Anthem)

lyrics/music: Joaquim Osorio Duque ESTRADA/Francisco Manoel DA SILVA

note: music adopted 1890, lyrics adopted 1922; the anthem's music, composed in 1822, was used unofficially for many years before it was adopted

Diplomatic representation in the US -

chief of mission: Ambassador Sergio Silva do AMARAL (since 16 September 2016)

chancery: 3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 238-2700

FAX: [1] (202) 238-2827

consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, Washington, DC

Diplomatic representation from the US -

chief of mission: Ambassador Michael MCKINLEY (since 19 December 2016)

embassy: Avenida das Nacoes, Quadra 801, Lote 3, Distrito Federal Cep 70403-900, Brasilia

mailing address: Unit 7500, DPO, AA 34030

telephone: [55] (61) 3312-7000

FAX: [55] (61) 3225-9136

consulate(s) general: Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo

Economy comparison between [United States] and [Brazil]

United States Brazil
Economy - overview

The US has the most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $59,500. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military equipment; however, their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. Based on a comparison of GDP measured at purchasing power parity conversion rates, the US economy in 2014, having stood as the largest in the world for more than a century, slipped into second place behind China, which has more than tripled the US growth rate for each year of the past four decades.

In the US, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, businesses face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets.

Long-term problems for the US include stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits.

The onrush of technology has been a driving factor in the gradual development of a "two-tier" labor market in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. But the globalization of trade, and especially the rise of low-wage producers such as China, has put additional downward pressure on wages and upward pressure on the return to capital. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have grown faster than wages or any other category of after-tax income.

Imported oil accounts for more than 50% of US consumption and oil has a major impact on the overall health of the economy. Crude oil prices doubled between 2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices ate into consumers' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments. Oil prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures more than doubled in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at $840 billion in 2008. Because the US economy is energy-intensive, falling oil prices since 2013 have alleviated many of the problems the earlier increases had created.

The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the US into a recession by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression. To help stabilize financial markets, the US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in October 2008. The government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January 2009, Congress passed and former President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 years - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help the economy recover. In 2010 and 2011, the federal budget deficit reached nearly 9% of GDP. In 2012, the Federal Government reduced the growth of spending and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP. US revenues from taxes and other sources are lower, as a percentage of GDP, than those of most other countries.

Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required major shifts in national resources from civilian to military purposes and contributed to the growth of the budget deficit and public debt. Through FY 2018, the direct costs of the wars will have totaled more than $1.9 trillion, according to US Government figures.

In March 2010, former President OBAMA signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), a health insurance reform that was designed to extend coverage to an additional 32 million Americans by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population and Medicaid for the impoverished. Total spending on healthcare - public plus private - rose from 9.0% of GDP in 1980 to 17.9% in 2010.

In July 2010, the former president signed the DODD-FRANK Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, a law designed to promote financial stability by protecting consumers from financial abuses, ending taxpayer bailouts of financial firms, dealing with troubled banks that are "too big to fail," and improving accountability and transparency in the financial system - in particular, by requiring certain financial derivatives to be traded in markets that are subject to government regulation and oversight.

In December 2012, the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced plans to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep short-term rates near zero until unemployment dropped below 6.5% or inflation rose above 2.5%. The Fed ended its purchases during the summer of 2014, after the unemployment rate dropped to 6.2%, inflation stood at 1.7%, and public debt fell below 74% of GDP. In December 2015, the Fed raised its target for the benchmark federal funds rate by 0.25%, the first increase since the recession began. With continued low growth, the Fed opted to raise rates several times since then, and in December 2017, the target rate stood at 1.5%.

In December 2017, Congress passed and President Donald TRUMP signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which, among its various provisions, reduces the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; lowers the individual tax rate for those with the highest incomes from 39.6% to 37%, and by lesser percentages for those at lower income levels; changes many deductions and credits used to calculate taxable income; and eliminates in 2019 the penalty imposed on taxpayers who do not obtain the minimum amount of health insurance required under the ACA. The new taxes took effect on 1 January 2018; the tax cut for corporations are permanent, but those for individuals are scheduled to expire after 2025. The Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) under the Congressional Budget Office estimates that the new law will reduce tax revenues and increase the federal deficit by about $1.45 trillion over the 2018-2027 period. This amount would decline if economic growth were to exceed the JCT’s estimate.

Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a recession in 2015 and 2016 that ranks as the worst in the country’s history. Falling commodity prices reduced export revenues and investment, which weakened the Brazilian real and cut tax revenues. The weaker real made existing public debt, which was largely denominated in foreign currency, more expensive. Lower tax revenues strained the government budget.

Economic reforms, proposed in 2016, aim to slow the growth of government spending and reduce barriers to foreign investment. Government spending growth helped to push public debt to 78% of GDP at the end of 2017, up from 50% in 2012. Policies to strengthen Brazil’s workforce and industrial sector, such as local content requirements, may have boosted employment at the expense of investment.

Former President Dilma ROUSSEFF was impeached and convicted in August 2016 for moving funds among government budgets; the economy has also been affected by multiple corruption scandals involving private companies and government officials. Sanctions against the firms involved — some of the largest in Brazil — has limited their business opportunities, producing a ripple effect on associated businesses and contractors. In addition, investment in these companies has declined because of the scandals.

Brazil is a member of the Common Market of the South (Mercosur), a trade bloc including Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela. After the Asian and Russian financial crises, Mercosur adopted a protectionist stance to guard against exposure to the volatility of foreign markets. Brazil and its Mercosur partners have pledged to open the bloc to more trade and investment, but changes require approval of all five members, which makes policy adjustments too difficult to enact.

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$19.36 trillion (2017 est.)

$18.95 trillion (2016 est.)

$18.67 trillion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 3

$3.219 trillion (2017 est.)

$3.195 trillion (2016 est.)

$3.314 trillion (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 9

GDP (official exchange rate)

$19.36 trillion (2017 est.)

$2.081 trillion (2017 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

2.2% (2017 est.)

1.5% (2016 est.)

2.9% (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 144

0.7% (2017 est.)

-3.6% (2016 est.)

-3.8% (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 192

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$59,500 (2017 est.)

$58,600 (2016 est.)

$58,200 (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 20

$15,500 (2017 est.)

$15,500 (2016 est.)

$16,200 (2015 est.)

note: data are in 2017 dollars

country comparison to the world: 107

Gross national saving

17.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

18% of GDP (2016 est.)

19.4% of GDP (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 105

16.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

16.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

15.8% of GDP (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 119

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 69.1%

government consumption: 17.2%

investment in fixed capital: 16.3%

investment in inventories: 0.3%

exports of goods and services: 12.2%

imports of goods and services: -15.1% (2017 est.)

household consumption: 63.5%

government consumption: 19.9%

investment in fixed capital: 16.6%

investment in inventories: 0%

exports of goods and services: 11.8%

imports of goods and services: -11.7% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 0.9%

industry: 18.9%

services: 80.2%

(2017 est.)

agriculture: 6.2%

industry: 21%

services: 72.8%

(2017 est.)

Agriculture - products

wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products

coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef

Industries

highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second-largest industrial output in the world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining

textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment

Industrial production growth rate

1.8% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 144

1% (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 167

Labor force

160.4 million

note: includes unemployed (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 4

111.6 million (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 6

Labor force - by occupation

farming, forestry, and fishing: 0.7%

manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts: 20.3%

managerial, professional, and technical: 37.3%

sales and office: 24.2%

other services: 17.6%

note: figures exclude the unemployed

(2009 est.)

agriculture: 10%

industry: 39.8%

services: 50.2%

(2016 est.)

Unemployment rate

4.4% (2017 est.)

4.9% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 60

13.1% (2017 est.)

11.3% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 166

Population below poverty line

15.1% (2010 est.)

3.7%

note: approximately 4% of the population are below the "extreme" poverty line (2016 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2%

highest 10%: 30% (2007 est.)

lowest 10%: 1.2%

highest 10%: 41.6% (2014 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

45 (2007 est.)

40.8 (1997 est.)

country comparison to the world: 41

49.7 (2014 est.)

55.3 (2001 est.)

country comparison to the world: 19

Budget

revenues: $3.336 trillion

expenditures: $3.991 trillion

note: for the US, revenues exclude social contributions of approximately $1.0 trillion; expenditures exclude social benefits of approximately $2.3 trillion (2017 est.)

revenues: $726.6 billion

expenditures: $749 billion (2017 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

17.2% of GDP

note: excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 176

34.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 55

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-3.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 128

-1.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 61

Public debt

77.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

76.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as "Debt Held by the Public," which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital and Supplemental Medical Insurance (Medicare), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intra-government debt were added, "gross debt" would increase by about one-third of GDP

country comparison to the world: 43

78.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

69.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 42

Fiscal year

1 October - 30 September

calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2.1% (2017 est.)

1.3% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 97

3.7% (2017 est.)

8.7% (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 145

Central bank discount rate

0.5% (31 December 2010 est.)

0.5% (31 December 2009 est.)

country comparison to the world: 134

13.75% (31 December 2016 est.)

14.25% (31 December 2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 14

Commercial bank prime lending rate

4.3% (31 December 2017 est.)

3.51% (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 156

48.7% (31 December 2017 est.)

52.1% (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

Stock of narrow money

$3.627 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$3.25 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 4

$106.9 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$106.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 37

Stock of broad money

$14 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$12.84 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

$761.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$727.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 19

Stock of domestic credit

$21.59 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$20.24 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

$2.237 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$2.138 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 13

Market value of publicly traded shares

$25.07 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)

$26.33 trillion (31 December 2014 est.)

$24.03 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

$490.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

$843.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.)

$1.02 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 22

Current account balance

$-462 billion (2017 est.)

$-451.7 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 201

$-28.99 billion (2017 est.)

$-23.53 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 196

Exports

$1.576 trillion (2017 est.)

$1.456 trillion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 3

$215.4 billion (2017 est.)

$184.5 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 27

Exports - commodities

agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0% (2008 est.)

transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, automobiles

Exports - partners

Canada 18.3%, Mexico 15.9%, China 8%, Japan 4.4% (2016)

China 19%, US 12.6%, Argentina 7.3%, Netherlands 5.6% (2016)

Imports

$2.352 trillion (2017 est.)

$2.208 trillion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

$151.9 billion (2017 est.)

$139.4 billion (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 30

Imports - commodities

agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture, toys) (2008 est.)

machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics

Imports - partners

China 21.1%, Mexico 13.4%, Canada 12.7%, Japan 6%, Germany 5.2% (2016)

US 17.6%, China 16.9%, Argentina 6.7%, Germany 6.6%, South Korea 4.4% (2016)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$117.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

$117.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 22

$377.1 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$365 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 10

Debt - external

$17.91 trillion (31 March 2016 est.)

$17.85 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)

note: approximately 4/5ths of US external debt is denominated in US dollars; foreign lenders have been willing to hold US dollar denominated debt instruments because they view the dollar as the world's reserve currency

country comparison to the world: 1

$554.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$551.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 20

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$4.084 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$3.614 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 3

$828.7 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$763.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 14

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$5.644 trillion (31 December 2017 est.)

$5.352 trillion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 3

$327.3 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

$319.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 22

Exchange rates

British pounds per US dollar: 0.7836 (2017 est.), 0.738 (2016 est.), 0.738 (2015 est.), 0.607 (2014 est), 0.6391 (2013 est.)

Canadian dollars per US dollar: 1, 1.308 (2017 est.), 1.3256 (2016 est.), 1.3256 (2015 est.), 1.2788 (2014 est.), 1.0298 (2013 est.)

Chinese yuan per US dollar: 1, 6.7588 (2017 est.), 6.6445 (2016 est.), 6.2275 (2015 est.), 6.1434 (2014 est.), 6.1958 (2013 est.)

euros per US dollar: 0.885 (2017 est.), 0.903 (2016 est.), 0.9214(2015 est.), 0.885 (2014 est.), 0.7634 (2013 est.)

Japanese yen per US dollar: 111.10 (2017 est.), 108.76 (2016 est.), 108.76 (2015 est.), 121.02 (2014 est.), 97.44 (2013 est.)

reals (BRL) per US dollar -

3.21 (2017 est.)

3.49 (2016 est.)

3.49 (2015 est.)

3.33 (2014 est.)

2.35 (2013 est.)

Energy comparison between [United States] and [Brazil]

United States Brazil
Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

population without electricity: 800,000

electrification - total population: 99.5%

electrification - urban areas: 100%

electrification - rural areas: 97% (2013)

Electricity - production

4.088 trillion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

559.2 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 9

Electricity - consumption

3.911 trillion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

500.6 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 9

Electricity - exports

9.695 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 25

219 million kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 74

Electricity - imports

80.66 billion kWh (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

34.64 billion kWh (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 4

Electricity - installed generating capacity

1.074 billion kW (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 3

155.6 million kW (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 8

Electricity - from fossil fuels

70.6% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 103

25.4% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 189

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

9.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 18

1.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 32

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

7.4% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 124

59.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

Electricity - from other renewable sources

10.7% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 69

16% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 45

Crude oil - production

8.853 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 3

2.515 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 10

Crude oil - exports

590,900 bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 21

518,800 bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 22

Crude oil - imports

7.85 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

350,100 bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 24

Crude oil - proved reserves

36.52 billion bbl (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 11

13 billion bbl (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

Refined petroleum products - production

20.08 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

2.899 million bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 8

Refined petroleum products - consumption

19.69 million bbl/day (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

3.102 million bbl/day (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 8

Refined petroleum products - exports

4.67 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

269,400 bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 29

Refined petroleum products - imports

2.205 million bbl/day (2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

559,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 15

Natural gas - production

766.2 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

20.41 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 32

Natural gas - consumption

773.2 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1

43.4 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 26

Natural gas - exports

50.52 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 7

100 million cu m (2014 est.)

country comparison to the world: 48

Natural gas - imports

76.96 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 4

18.98 billion cu m (2015 est.)

country comparison to the world: 17

Natural gas - proved reserves

8.714 trillion cu m (1 January 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 4

429.9 billion cu m (1 January 2017 est.)

country comparison to the world: 34

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

5.402 billion Mt (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 2

535 million Mt (2013 est.)

country comparison to the world: 13

Communications comparison between [United States] and [Brazil]

United States Brazil
Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 121.53 million

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (July 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 3

total subscriptions: 41,842,233

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20 (July 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 6

Telephones - mobile cellular

total: 395.881 million

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 121 (July 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 4

total: 244,067,356

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 118 (July 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 6

Telephone system

general assessment: a large, technologically advanced, multipurpose communications system

domestic: a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country

international: country code - 1; multiple ocean cable systems provide international connectivity; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) (2016)

general assessment: good working system including an extensive microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 64 earth stations

domestic: fixed-line connections have remained relatively stable in recent years and stand at about 20 per 100 persons; less-expensive mobile-cellular technology has been a major driver in expanding telephone service to the lower-income segments of the population with mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 120 per 100 persons

international: country code - 55; landing point for a number of submarine cables, including Americas-1, Americas-2, Atlantis-2, GlobeNet, South America-1, South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus, and UNISUR that provide direct connectivity to South and Central America, the Caribbean, the US, Africa, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region east), connected by microwave relay system to Mercosur Brazilsat B3 satellite earth station (2016)

Broadcast media

4 major terrestrial TV networks with affiliate stations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks, independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector that is largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TV stations broadcasting; multiple national radio networks with many affiliate stations; while most stations are commercial, National Public Radio (NPR) has a network of some 600 member stations; satellite radio available; overall, nearly 15,000 radio stations operating (2008)

state-run Radiobras operates a radio and a TV network; more than 1,000 radio stations and more than 100 TV channels operating - mostly privately owned; private media ownership highly concentrated (2007)

Internet country code

.us

.br

Internet users

total: 246,809,221

percent of population: 76.2% (July 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 4

total: 122,841,218

percent of population: 59.7% (July 2016 est.)

country comparison to the world: 5

Transportation comparison between [United States] and [Brazil]

United States Brazil
National air transport system

number of registered air carriers: 92

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 6,817

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 798.23 million

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 37.219 billion mt-km (2015)

number of registered air carriers: 9

inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 443

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 102,039,359

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 149.393 million mt-km (2015)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

N (2016)

PP (2016)

Airports

13,513 (2013)

country comparison to the world: 1

4,093 (2013)

country comparison to the world: 2

Airports - with paved runways

total: 5,054

over 3,047 m: 189

2,438 to 3,047 m: 235

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1,478

914 to 1,523 m: 2,249

under 914 m: 903 (2013)

total: 698

over 3,047 m: 7

2,438 to 3,047 m: 27

1,524 to 2,437 m: 179

914 to 1,523 m: 436

under 914 m: 49 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 8,459

over 3,047 m: 1

2,438 to 3,047 m: 6

1,524 to 2,437 m: 140

914 to 1,523 m: 1,552

under 914 m: 6,760 (2013)

total: 3,395

1,524 to 2,437 m: 92

914 to 1,523 m: 1,619

under 914 m: 1,684 (2013)

Heliports

5,287 (2013)

13 (2013)

Pipelines

natural gas 1,984,321 km; petroleum products 240,711 km (2013)

condensate/gas 251 km; gas 17,312 km; liquid petroleum gas 352 km; oil 4,831 km; refined products 4,722 km (2013)

Railways

total: 293,564.2 km

standard gauge: 293,564.2 km 1.435-m gauge (2014)

country comparison to the world: 1

total: 29,849.9 km

broad gauge: 5,822.3 km 1.600-m gauge (498.3 km electrified)

dual gauge: 492 km 1.600-1.000-m gauge

standard gauge: 194 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 23,341.6 km 1.000-m gauge (24 km electrified) (2014)

country comparison to the world: 9

Roadways

total: 6,586,610 km

paved: 4,304,715 km (includes 76,334 km of expressways)

unpaved: 2,281,895 km (2012)

country comparison to the world: 1

total: 1,580,964 km

paved: 212,798 km

unpaved: 1,368,166 km

note: does not include urban roads (2010)

country comparison to the world: 4

Waterways

41,009 km (19,312 km used for commerce; Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, is shared with Canada) (2012)

country comparison to the world: 5

50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population) (2012)

country comparison to the world: 3

Merchant marine

total: 3,611

by type: bulk carrier 5, container ship 61, general cargo 114, oil tanker 66, other 3,365 (2017)

country comparison to the world: 5

total: 766

by type: bulk carrier 14, container ship 16, general cargo 48, oil tanker 37, other 651 (2017)

country comparison to the world: 28

Ports and terminals

cargo ports: Baton Rouge, Corpus Christi, Hampton Roads, Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Plaquemines (LA), Tampa, Texas City

container port(s) (TEUs): Hampton Roads (2,549,000), Houston (2,131,000), Long Beach (7,192,000), Los Angeles (8,160,000), New York/New Jersey (6,372,000), Oakland (2,278,000), Savannah (3,737,000), Seattle (3,531,000) (2015)

cruise departure ports (passengers): Miami (2,032,000), Port Everglades (1,277,000), Port Canaveral (1,189,000), Seattle (430,000), Long Beach (415,000) (2009)

oil terminal(s): LOOP terminal, Haymark terminal

LNG terminal(s) (import): Cove Point (MD), Elba Island (GA), Everett (MA), Freeport (TX), Golden Pass (TX), Hackberry (LA), Lake Charles (LA), Neptune (offshore), Northeast Gateway (offshore), Pascagoula (MS), Sabine Pass (TX)

LNG terminal(s) (export): Kenai (AK)

major seaport(s): Belem, Paranagua, Rio Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Sao Sebastiao, Tubarao

river port(s): Manaus (Amazon)

dry bulk cargo port(s): Sepetiba ore terminal, Tubarao

container port(s) (TEUs): Santos (3,780,000) (2015)

oil terminal(s): DTSE/Gegua oil terminal, Ilha Grande (Gebig), Guaiba Island terminal, Guamare oil terminal

LNG terminal(s) (import): Pecem, Rio de Janiero

Military comparison between [United States] and [Brazil]

United States Brazil
Military expenditures

3.29% of GDP (2016)

3.3% of GDP (2015)

3.51% of GDP (2014)

3.83% of GDP (2013)

4.24% of GDP (2012)

country comparison to the world: 25

1.32% of GDP (2016)

1.36% of GDP (2015)

1.33% of GDP (2014)

1.33% of GDP (2013)

1.38% of GDP (2012)

country comparison to the world: 88

Military branches

United States Armed Forces: US Army, US Navy (includes Marine Corps), US Air Force, US Coast Guard; note - Coast Guard administered in peacetime by the Department of Homeland Security, but in wartime reports to the Department of the Navy (2017)

Brazilian Army (Exercito Brasileiro, EB), Brazilian Navy (Marinha do Brasil, MB, includes Naval Air and Marine Corps (Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais)), Brazilian Air Force (Forca Aerea Brasileira, FAB) (2011)

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age (17 years of age with parental consent) for male and female voluntary service; no conscription; maximum enlistment age 42 (Army), 27 (Air Force), 34 (Navy), 28 (Marines); 8-year service obligation, including 2-5 years active duty (Army), 2 years active (Navy), 4 years active (Air Force, Marines); all military occupations and positions open to women (2016)

18-45 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is 10-12 months; 17-45 years of age for voluntary service; an increasing percentage of the ranks are "long-service" volunteer professionals; women were allowed to serve in the armed forces beginning in early 1980s, when the Brazilian Army became the first army in South America to accept women into career ranks; women serve in Navy and Air Force only in Women's Reserve Corps (2012)

Transnational comparison between [United States] and [Brazil]

United States Brazil
Disputes - international

the US has intensified domestic security measures and is collaborating closely with its neighbors, Canada and Mexico, to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across the international borders; abundant rainfall in recent years along much of the Mexico-US border region has ameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea still awaits Russian Duma ratification; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; The Bahamas and US have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island; US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other states; Marshall Islands claims Wake Island; Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island among the islands listed in its 2006 draft constitution

uncontested boundary dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; smuggling of firearms and narcotics continues to be an issue along the Uruguay-Brazil border; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate Brazil's border region with Venezuela

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): the US admitted 53,716 refugees during FY2017 including: 9,377 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 6,886 (Iraq); 6,557 (Syria); 6,130 (Somalia); 5,078 (Burma); 3,550 (Bhutan); 2,577 (Iran)

note: more than 46,000 Venezuelans have claimed asylum since 2014 because of the economic and political crisis (2017)

refugees (country of origin): 52,622 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum or have received alternative legal stay) (2018)

Illicit drugs

world's largest consumer of cocaine (shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Colombian heroin, and Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of ecstasy and Mexican methamphetamine; minor consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center

second-largest consumer of cocaine in the world; illicit producer of cannabis; trace amounts of coca cultivation in the Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe; also used by traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling; important market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit narcotics proceeds are often laundered through the financial system; significant illicit financial activity in the Tri-Border Area

USD to BRL Historical Rates

year by month
USD to BRL in 2023 USD to BRL in 2023-09  USD to BRL in 2023-08  USD to BRL in 2023-07  USD to BRL in 2023-06  USD to BRL in 2023-05  USD to BRL in 2023-04  USD to BRL in 2023-03  USD to BRL in 2023-02  USD to BRL in 2023-01 
USD to BRL in 2022 USD to BRL in 2022-12  USD to BRL in 2022-11  USD to BRL in 2022-10  USD to BRL in 2022-09  USD to BRL in 2022-08  USD to BRL in 2022-07  USD to BRL in 2022-06  USD to BRL in 2022-05  USD to BRL in 2022-04  USD to BRL in 2022-03  USD to BRL in 2022-02  USD to BRL in 2022-01 
USD to BRL in 2021 USD to BRL in 2021-12  USD to BRL in 2021-11  USD to BRL in 2021-10  USD to BRL in 2021-09  USD to BRL in 2021-08  USD to BRL in 2021-07  USD to BRL in 2021-06  USD to BRL in 2021-05  USD to BRL in 2021-04  USD to BRL in 2021-03  USD to BRL in 2021-02  USD to BRL in 2021-01 
USD to BRL in 2020 USD to BRL in 2020-12  USD to BRL in 2020-11  USD to BRL in 2020-10  USD to BRL in 2020-09  USD to BRL in 2020-08  USD to BRL in 2020-07  USD to BRL in 2020-06  USD to BRL in 2020-05  USD to BRL in 2020-04  USD to BRL in 2020-03  USD to BRL in 2020-02  USD to BRL in 2020-01 
USD to BRL in 2019 USD to BRL in 2019-12  USD to BRL in 2019-11  USD to BRL in 2019-10  USD to BRL in 2019-09  USD to BRL in 2019-08  USD to BRL in 2019-07  USD to BRL in 2019-06  USD to BRL in 2019-05  USD to BRL in 2019-04  USD to BRL in 2019-03  USD to BRL in 2019-02  USD to BRL in 2019-01 
USD to BRL in 2018 USD to BRL in 2018-12  USD to BRL in 2018-11  USD to BRL in 2018-10  USD to BRL in 2018-09  USD to BRL in 2018-08  USD to BRL in 2018-07  USD to BRL in 2018-06  USD to BRL in 2018-05  USD to BRL in 2018-04  USD to BRL in 2018-03  USD to BRL in 2018-02  USD to BRL in 2018-01 
USD to BRL in 2017 USD to BRL in 2017-12  USD to BRL in 2017-11  USD to BRL in 2017-10  USD to BRL in 2017-09  USD to BRL in 2017-08  USD to BRL in 2017-07  USD to BRL in 2017-06  USD to BRL in 2017-05  USD to BRL in 2017-04  USD to BRL in 2017-03  USD to BRL in 2017-02  USD to BRL in 2017-01 
USD to BRL in 2016 USD to BRL in 2016-12  USD to BRL in 2016-11  USD to BRL in 2016-10  USD to BRL in 2016-09  USD to BRL in 2016-08  USD to BRL in 2016-07  USD to BRL in 2016-06  USD to BRL in 2016-05  USD to BRL in 2016-04  USD to BRL in 2016-03  USD to BRL in 2016-02  USD to BRL in 2016-01 
USD to BRL in 2015 USD to BRL in 2015-12  USD to BRL in 2015-11  USD to BRL in 2015-10  USD to BRL in 2015-09  USD to BRL in 2015-08  USD to BRL in 2015-07  USD to BRL in 2015-06  USD to BRL in 2015-05  USD to BRL in 2015-04  USD to BRL in 2015-03  USD to BRL in 2015-02  USD to BRL in 2015-01 
USD to BRL in 2014 USD to BRL in 2014-12  USD to BRL in 2014-11  USD to BRL in 2014-10  USD to BRL in 2014-09  USD to BRL in 2014-08  USD to BRL in 2014-07  USD to BRL in 2014-06  USD to BRL in 2014-05  USD to BRL in 2014-04  USD to BRL in 2014-03  USD to BRL in 2014-02  USD to BRL in 2014-01 
USD to BRL in 2013 USD to BRL in 2013-12  USD to BRL in 2013-11  USD to BRL in 2013-10  USD to BRL in 2013-09  USD to BRL in 2013-08  USD to BRL in 2013-07  USD to BRL in 2013-06  USD to BRL in 2013-05  USD to BRL in 2013-04  USD to BRL in 2013-03  USD to BRL in 2013-02  USD to BRL in 2013-01 
USD to BRL in 2012 USD to BRL in 2012-12  USD to BRL in 2012-11  USD to BRL in 2012-10  USD to BRL in 2012-09  USD to BRL in 2012-08  USD to BRL in 2012-07  USD to BRL in 2012-06  USD to BRL in 2012-05  USD to BRL in 2012-04  USD to BRL in 2012-03  USD to BRL in 2012-02  USD to BRL in 2012-01 
USD to BRL in 2011 USD to BRL in 2011-12  USD to BRL in 2011-11  USD to BRL in 2011-10  USD to BRL in 2011-09  USD to BRL in 2011-08  USD to BRL in 2011-07  USD to BRL in 2011-06  USD to BRL in 2011-05  USD to BRL in 2011-04  USD to BRL in 2011-03  USD to BRL in 2011-02  USD to BRL in 2011-01 
USD to BRL in 2010 USD to BRL in 2010-12  USD to BRL in 2010-11  USD to BRL in 2010-10  USD to BRL in 2010-09  USD to BRL in 2010-08  USD to BRL in 2010-07  USD to BRL in 2010-06  USD to BRL in 2010-05  USD to BRL in 2010-04  USD to BRL in 2010-03  USD to BRL in 2010-02  USD to BRL in 2010-01 
USD to BRL in 2009 USD to BRL in 2009-12  USD to BRL in 2009-11  USD to BRL in 2009-10  USD to BRL in 2009-09  USD to BRL in 2009-08  USD to BRL in 2009-07  USD to BRL in 2009-06  USD to BRL in 2009-05  USD to BRL in 2009-04  USD to BRL in 2009-03  USD to BRL in 2009-02  USD to BRL in 2009-01 
USD to BRL in 2008 USD to BRL in 2008-12  USD to BRL in 2008-11  USD to BRL in 2008-10  USD to BRL in 2008-09  USD to BRL in 2008-08  USD to BRL in 2008-07  USD to BRL in 2008-06  USD to BRL in 2008-05  USD to BRL in 2008-04  USD to BRL in 2008-03  USD to BRL in 2008-02  USD to BRL in 2008-01 
USD to BRL in 2007 USD to BRL in 2007-12  USD to BRL in 2007-11  USD to BRL in 2007-10  USD to BRL in 2007-09  USD to BRL in 2007-08  USD to BRL in 2007-07  USD to BRL in 2007-06  USD to BRL in 2007-05  USD to BRL in 2007-04  USD to BRL in 2007-03  USD to BRL in 2007-02  USD to BRL in 2007-01 
USD to BRL in 2006 USD to BRL in 2006-12  USD to BRL in 2006-11  USD to BRL in 2006-10  USD to BRL in 2006-09  USD to BRL in 2006-08  USD to BRL in 2006-07  USD to BRL in 2006-06  USD to BRL in 2006-05  USD to BRL in 2006-04  USD to BRL in 2006-03  USD to BRL in 2006-02  USD to BRL in 2006-01 
USD to BRL in 2005 USD to BRL in 2005-12  USD to BRL in 2005-11  USD to BRL in 2005-10  USD to BRL in 2005-09  USD to BRL in 2005-08  USD to BRL in 2005-07  USD to BRL in 2005-06  USD to BRL in 2005-05  USD to BRL in 2005-04  USD to BRL in 2005-03  USD to BRL in 2005-02  USD to BRL in 2005-01 
USD to BRL in 2004 USD to BRL in 2004-12  USD to BRL in 2004-11  USD to BRL in 2004-10  USD to BRL in 2004-09  USD to BRL in 2004-08  USD to BRL in 2004-07  USD to BRL in 2004-06  USD to BRL in 2004-05  USD to BRL in 2004-04  USD to BRL in 2004-03  USD to BRL in 2004-02  USD to BRL in 2004-01 
USD to BRL in 2003 USD to BRL in 2003-12  USD to BRL in 2003-11  USD to BRL in 2003-10  USD to BRL in 2003-09  USD to BRL in 2003-08  USD to BRL in 2003-07  USD to BRL in 2003-06  USD to BRL in 2003-05  USD to BRL in 2003-04  USD to BRL in 2003-03  USD to BRL in 2003-02  USD to BRL in 2003-01 
USD to BRL in 2002 USD to BRL in 2002-12  USD to BRL in 2002-11  USD to BRL in 2002-10  USD to BRL in 2002-09  USD to BRL in 2002-08  USD to BRL in 2002-07  USD to BRL in 2002-06  USD to BRL in 2002-05  USD to BRL in 2002-04  USD to BRL in 2002-03  USD to BRL in 2002-02  USD to BRL in 2002-01 
USD to BRL in 2001 USD to BRL in 2001-12  USD to BRL in 2001-11  USD to BRL in 2001-10  USD to BRL in 2001-09  USD to BRL in 2001-08  USD to BRL in 2001-07  USD to BRL in 2001-06  USD to BRL in 2001-05  USD to BRL in 2001-04  USD to BRL in 2001-03  USD to BRL in 2001-02  USD to BRL in 2001-01 
USD to BRL in 2000 USD to BRL in 2000-12  USD to BRL in 2000-11  USD to BRL in 2000-10  USD to BRL in 2000-09  USD to BRL in 2000-08  USD to BRL in 2000-07  USD to BRL in 2000-06  USD to BRL in 2000-05  USD to BRL in 2000-04  USD to BRL in 2000-03  USD to BRL in 2000-02  USD to BRL in 2000-01 

All USD Exchange Rates Now

Exchange Rate Exchange Rate Exchange Rate
USD to AED rate 3.67299 ▲ USD to ALL rate 99.90754 ▲ USD to ANG rate 1.79898 ▲
USD to ARS rate 350.03818 ▲ USD to AUD rate 1.55763 ▲ USD to AWG rate 1.7975 ▲
USD to BBD rate 2 USD to BDT rate 109.54686 ▲ USD to BGN rate 1.83732 ▲
USD to BHD rate 0.37701 ▲ USD to BIF rate 2828.8289 ▲ USD to BMD rate 1
USD to BND rate 1.36331 ▲ USD to BOB rate 6.89736 ▲ USD to BRL rate 4.93537 ▲
USD to BSD rate 1 USD to BTN rate 82.7595 ▲ USD to BZD rate 2.01201 ▲
USD to CAD rate 1.34762 ▲ USD to CHF rate 0.90996 ▲ USD to CLP rate 892.85714 ▲
USD to CNY rate 7.3119 ▲ USD to COP rate 3953.36131 ▲ USD to CRC rate 534.96769 ▲
USD to CZK rate 22.9425 ▲ USD to DKK rate 7.01162 ▲ USD to DOP rate 56.65026 ▲
USD to DZD rate 137.38395 ▲ USD to EGP rate 30.89205 ▲ USD to ETB rate 55.20558 ▲
USD to EUR rate 0.94035 ▲ USD to FJD rate 2.26665 ▲ USD to GBP rate 0.8183 ▲
USD to GMD rate 64.5 ▲ USD to GNF rate 8571.84991 ▼ USD to GTQ rate 7.85561 ▲
USD to HKD rate 7.81574 ▼ USD to HNL rate 24.60183 ▼ USD to HRK rate 7.08707 ▲
USD to HTG rate 134.75491 ▲ USD to HUF rate 366.64408 ▲ USD to IDR rate 15404.69011 ▲
USD to ILS rate 3.80653 ▼ USD to INR rate 83.12939 ▲ USD to IQD rate 1307.20551 ▲
USD to IRR rate 42240 ▲ USD to ISK rate 136.63 ▲ USD to JMD rate 154.56742 ▲
USD to JOD rate 0.7094 ▲ USD to JPY rate 148.59567 ▲ USD to KES rate 147.65 ▲
USD to KMF rate 461.54987 ▲ USD to KRW rate 1338.75191 ▲ USD to KWD rate 0.30908 ▲
USD to KYD rate 0.83183 ▲ USD to KZT rate 474.3311 ▲ USD to LBP rate 15002.69595 ▲
USD to LKR rate 323.67264 ▲ USD to LSL rate 18.78261 ▼ USD to MAD rate 10.29977 ▲
USD to MDL rate 18.20507 ▲ USD to MKD rate 57.88149 ▲ USD to MNT rate 3450 ▲
USD to MOP rate 8.04069 ▲ USD to MUR rate 44.65453 ▲ USD to MVR rate 15.4 ▲
USD to MWK rate 1081.28678 ▼ USD to MXN rate 17.27 ▲ USD to MYR rate 4.685 ▼
USD to NAD rate 18.89 ▲ USD to NGN rate 783.17 ▲ USD to NIO rate 36.52814 ▲
USD to NOK rate 10.75951 ▲ USD to NPR rate 132.41483 ▲ USD to NZD rate 1.67957 ▲
USD to OMR rate 0.38501 ▲ USD to PAB rate 1 USD to PEN rate 3.73409 ▲
USD to PGK rate 3.68093 ▲ USD to PHP rate 56.8035 ▼ USD to PKR rate 287.72646 ▼
USD to PLN rate 4.31524 ▼ USD to PYG rate 7264.23591 ▲ USD to QAR rate 3.63986 ▲
USD to RON rate 4.67121 ▲ USD to RUB rate 96.14 ▼ USD to RWF rate 1209.9602 ▲
USD to SAR rate 3.75119 ▲ USD to SBD rate 8.40814 ▲ USD to SCR rate 12.8785 ▼
USD to SEK rate 11.04682 ▼ USD to SGD rate 1.36689 ▲ USD to SLL rate 20969.5 ▲
USD to SVC rate 8.73409 ▲ USD to SZL rate 18.77736 ▲ USD to THB rate 36.145 ▲
USD to TND rate 3.152 ▲ USD to TOP rate 2.38829 ▼ USD to TRY rate 27.2086 ▲
USD to TTD rate 6.77153 ▲ USD to TWD rate 32.1555 ▲ USD to TZS rate 2505 ▲
USD to UAH rate 36.86689 ▲ USD to UGX rate 3748.53823 ▲ USD to UYU rate 38.08005 ▲
USD to VUV rate 118.722 ▲ USD to WST rate 2.7185 ▼ USD to XAF rate 616.82703 ▲
USD to XCD rate 2.70255 ▲ USD to XOF rate 616.82703 ▲ USD to XPF rate 112.21322 ▲
USD to YER rate 250.32498 ▲ USD to ZAR rate 18.77948 ▲

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